Abstract: The most prominent feature of tunnelling is that it is built underground and embedded in a certain geo? logical environment. The construction of a tunnel project, however, will inevitably break the balance of the original geological environment and eventually establish a new balance. Along the process, some major issues are bound to be faced, such as the stability of the surrounding rock, problems about the groundwater, selection of excavation methods and support forms, among others. This paper abstracts the ideas of solving these major issues and explores the solutions to these issues at the level of unity of opposites of materialistic dialectics and based on the principle of concrete analysis of specific problems, which enhances the wisdom and art of dealing with these major issues and enables them to be better applied to concrete project practices for verification.