Abstract: In order to improve the impact resistance mechanical performance of anchor bolts, a pre-set energy ab? sorbing anchor bolt composed of a rod body, energy absorber, plate, and nut is designed, and its working principle is introduced. ABAQUS finite element analysis software is used to analyze the mechanical performance of the pre-set energy absorbing anchor bolt under static and impact loads based on key indicators such as elongation rate, impact resistance time, and energy absorption. The results show that under static load, the elongation rate and energy absorption of the pre-set energy absorbing anchor bolt are 1.94 times and 1.8 times that of a conventional anchor bolt,respectively. Under 80 kJ impact energy, the impact resistance time, energy absorption, and elongation rate of the pre-set energy absorbing anchor bolt are 2.68 times, 1.83 times, and 2.16 times that of the conventional anchor bolt,respectively. Under different impact velocities, the elongation rate, impact resistance time, and energy absorption of the pre-set energy absorbing anchor bolt are 2.2 times, 2.63 times, and 1.88 times that of the conventional anchor bolt, respectively. The pre-set energy absorbing anchor bolt has longer impact resistance time, higher energy absorption, and good elongation performance. Changes in the loading form have little effect on its energy absorption, elongation rate, yield load, and breaking load.