渐进间歇式低压低氧习服技术对高海拔隧道施工人员高原反应的快速改善作用

Rapid Improvement of High-altitude Sickness among Tunnel Construction Workers through a Gradual Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxic Acclimatization Technique

  • 摘要: 为降低高海拔隧道施工人员的高原反应风险,提出一种渐进间歇式低压低氧习服技术。通过分层随机对照试验,将8名健康平原世居受试者随机分为对照组和低氧暴露组,利用低压氧舱模拟2 500~5 000 m梯度海拔环境,开展为期7 d、每日3 h的静息暴露训练(海拔阶梯式上升)。研究结果表明,该习服技术可显著降低受试者急性高原病(Acute Mountain Sickness,AMS)发生率及症状评分(LLS评分),静息状态血氧饱和度提高6.98%,心率下降17.24%,并使代偿性增高的潮气量恢复至接近平原基线水平。该7 d短周期方案突破传统阶梯习服耗时较长的时间限制,可以满足高原隧道施工的习服要求。

     

    Abstract: To reduce the risk of high-altitude sickness in tunnel construction workers operating on plateaus, a gradual and intermittent hypobaric hypoxic acclimatization technique was proposed. In a stratified randomized controlled trial, eight healthy lowland residents were randomly assigned to either a control group or a hypoxic exposure group. A hypobaric hypoxic chamber was used to simulate a gradient altitude environment ranging from 2,500 m to 5,000 m. A 7-day resting exposure protocol was applied with 3 hours of daily training under a stepwise ascending altitude scheme. The results show that this acclimatization approach significantly reduces the incidence rate and severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS) based on Lake Louise Score (LLS). Resting blood oxygen saturation increased by 6.98%, heart rate decreased by 17.24%, and the compensatory elevation in tidal volume (VT) recovered close to the baseline level at sea level. This short-term, 7-day acclimatization protocol overcomes the prolonged duration required by traditional staged acclimatization strategies and effectively satisfies acclimatization demands for high-altitude tunnel construction.

     

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