Abstract: Aiming at the insufficient adaptability of data-driven model prediction methods, as well as the problems of active sensors relying on external power supply and redundant and vulnerable wired transmission harnesses in disc cutter condition detection, a self-powered passive disc cutter condition detection method based on electromagnetic induction driven by disc cutter rotation is proposed. This method uses the induced electromotive force generated by the relative motion between permanent magnets and coils during disc cutter rotation to power the sensor and achieve self-perception of condition signals. An electromagnetic coupling model of disc cutter rotation is established, the magnetic field interaction characteristics between fixed coils and permanent magnet arrays are analyzed via finite element simulation; a self-powered sensor is designed and developed, and a disc cutter condition detection system based on electromagnetic induction is constructed. The simulation and experimental results show that: embedding an iron core in the coil center increases the amplitude of induced electromotive force by 2.9 times, and the permanent magnet arranged in an N-N unipolar array can effectively enhance the periodicity of the induced electromotive force waveform; the sensor power generation time is positively correlated with the sensor-magnet distance and negatively correlated with the disc cutter rotation speed; under the steady uniform rotation condition of the disc cutter, except for the long first data transmission time, the subsequent data transmission time is short and tends to be consistent.