大凉山特长隧道TBM施工HSP法地质预报技术应用与展望

Application and Prospect of HSP Geological Prediction Technology for TBM Construction in Daliangshan Extra-long Tunnel

  • 摘要: 针对大凉山特长隧道TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine, TBM)施工中地质风险实时精准预报的迫切需求,结合智能建造对地质感知技术提出的智能化与实时化要求,开展基于TBM破岩震源HSP法的地质预报技术研究。通过引入地震干涉理论,分析破岩震源波场传播规律,发展“化噪为源”的智能化预报方法;建立融合参数预设、流程优化与分级决策的实时预报模式,实现TBM掘进过程中的不停机连续探测;提出基于多次探测成果交互迭代的分析技术,通过增强不良地质体反射能谱信号并抑制虚假异常,显著提高地质目标体的识别精度。依托大凉山1号隧道工程的实践应用表明,该方法能够有效识别掌子面前方节理密集带、破碎带等不良地质体,实现中远距离地质信息的渐进式透明化探测。

     

    Abstract: In response to the urgent need for real-time and precise prediction of geological risks in TBM tunneling of super-long tunnels, this paper explores a geological prediction technology based on the TBM rock-breaking seismic source HSP method, addressing the emerging requirements of intelligence and real-time performance for geological perception technologies to support intelligent construction. By incorporating the theory of seismic interferometry and analyzing the wave field propagation patterns of rock-breaking seismic sources, an intelligent prediction method of "converting noise into source" was developed. Then, a real-time prediction model that integrates parameter presetting, process optimization and hierarchical decision-making was established, enabling continuous detections during TBM tunneling without the need for shutdowns. Furthermore, an analysis technique based on multiple interactive iterations of detection results was proposed, which significantly improves accuracy in identifying geological targets by enhancing reflection energy spectrum signals from unfavorable geological bodies while suppressing false anomalies. The practical applications during the construction of the Daliangshan No. 1 Tunnel demonstrate that the proposed methodology is effective in identifying unfavorable geological bodies ahead of the working face, such as joint-intensive zones and fracture zones, enabling progressively transparent detection of geological information over medium to long distances. The application results verify the applicability and effectiveness of this technology system. The findings of this study not only provide essential technical support for safety control in TBM construction but also offer an effective solution for preventing and managing geological disasters under similar engineering conditions.

     

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