Abstract: The construction quality of reverse continuous casting of tunnel arch-wall concrete is affected by the coupling of multiple construction parameters, and a single indicator is insufficient to comprehensively reflect quality differences. Therefore, a multi-index-based comprehensive evaluation method for construction quality was established, and an analysis of construction parameters was carried out. Core recovery rate, cold joint occurrence rate, void ratio, rebound strength, and apparent quality score were selected as evaluation indicators. A combined weighting method integrating the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the indicator weights, and the TOPSIS method was adopted to quantitatively evaluate the construction quality of arch-wall concrete under different working conditions. Based on field-measured data, the correlation between construction parameters and comprehensive quality scores was analyzed, and a random forest surrogate model was further employed to investigate parameter importance and optimize parameter combinations. The results show that the comprehensive quality scores vary significantly under different working conditions. The interval time between casting layers has the most significant influence on construction quality, followed by single-layer casting height and vibration duration. By reasonably optimizing the combination of construction parameters, the construction quality can be further improved.