基于一体化参数建模的隧道炮孔间距优化

An integrated parametric modeling method for optimizing tunnel blasthole spacing

  • 摘要: 为研究钻爆孔间距对隧道爆破轮廓成型质量(超欠挖)的影响,针对传统爆破数值模拟在设计、建模与仿真环节相互割裂、难以满足现场精细化控制与动态优化设计需求的问题,基于显式动力有限元模拟程序,提出一套集炮孔设计、建模与分析于一体的参数化建模分析方法,并采用傅里叶变换与无监督K-means聚类算法构建爆破质量评价指标,实现炮孔位置的快速调整、三维模型的自动构建与结果的定量分析,整套流程可控制在30 min以内。依托海南鹦哥岭隧道项目,开展43组工况分析,定量分析周边孔间距、辅助孔间排距和掏槽区范围对岩体爆破轮廓成型质量的影响。实践表明,依据优化后的炮孔间距方案进行施工,隧道平均超挖量从17.1 cm降至10.2 cm,爆破质量提升约30%。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the influence of blasthole spacing on the blasting contour quality of tunnels (overbreak and underbreak) and to address the fragmented workflow between blast design, model construction, and numerical simulation in conventional blasting analyses, a parametric blasthole layout–modeling–analysis method is proposed based on an explicit dynamic finite element program. A Fourier transform and an unsupervised K-means clustering algorithm are further employed to establish quantitative indices for blasting quality evaluation. The proposed method enables rapid adjustment of blasthole positions, automatic construction of three-dimensional numerical models, and quantitative analysis of simulation results, allowing the overall analysis workflow to be completed within 30 min. Based on the Yinggeling Tunnel project in Hainan, a total of 43 simulation cases were conducted to quantitatively analyze the effects of peripheral blasthole spacing, auxiliary blasthole spacing, and the cut zone range on the blasting contour formation quality of the surrounding rock. According to the optimized blasthole spacing design, the average tunnel overbreak was reduced from 17.1 cm to 10.2 cm, and the blasting quality was improved by approximately 30%.

     

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