融合激光点云与图像的掌子面节理识别研究

Study on joint recognition of tunnel face based on fusion of laser point cloud and image

  • 摘要: 隧道掌子面节理产状精准识别是围岩稳定性评价和开挖支护时机决策的重要指标。针对传统人工接触式测量采集效率低、作业风险高、单一数字摄影或三维激光扫描技术存在的局限性,提出一种激光点云与数字图像融合的掌子面节理识别方法。该方法融合点云三维结构面产状分析与图像二维节理迹线深度学习提取优势,构建兼具几何精度与纹理信息的掌子面三维模型,依托该模型实现结构面自动分割与产状计算,同时实现节理迹线的像素级识别与岩体完整性指数计算。通过多源数据采集、联合标定与融合配准,生成彩色点云模型;基于点云法向量计算与改进区域生长算法实现结构面自动分割;构建适用于节理迹线提取的卷积神经网络,结合条件随机场后处理,实现掌子面图像节理迹线的识别与提取。实际工程应用表明,该方法能够有效识别掌子面围岩结构面产状,计算误差与人工地质罗盘测量结果偏差在4°以内,节理迹线识别交并比IoU为0.82、F1分数为0.89,可计算岩体完整性指数,为隧道围岩分级与爆破参数优化提供可靠的数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: Accurate identification of joint orientations on the tunnel face is a critical indicator for surrounding rock stability evaluation and decision- making on excavation and support timing. To address the limitations of traditional manual contact measurements, which are low in acquisition efficiency and high in operational risk, as well as the constraints of a single digital photography or 3D laser scanning technology, a method for tunnel face joint recognition integrating laser point clouds and digital images is proposed. This method integrates the advantages of 3D structural plane orientation analysis from point clouds and deep-learning-based extraction of 2D joint traces from images, and a 3D tunnel face model with both geometric accuracy and texture information is constructed. Based on this model, automatic segmentation of structural planes and calculation of their orientation are achieved, as along with pixel-level identification of joint trace and calculation of the rock mass integrity index. Through multi-source data acquisition, joint calibration, and fusion registration, a colored point cloud model is generated. Automatic structural plane segmentation is realized using point cloud normal vector calculation and an improved region-growing algorithm. A convolutional neural network suitable for joint trace extraction is constructed, and combined with conditional random field post-processing, the identification and extraction of joint traces from tunnel face images are realized. Practical engineering applications demonstrate that this method can effectively identify the orientations of structural planes on the tunnel face surrounding rock, with the calculation errors within 4° compared to manual geological compass measurements, the joint trace identification achieves an IoU of 0.82 and an F1-score of 0.89. The rock mass integrity index can also be calculated, providing reliable data support for tunnel surrounding rock classification and blasting parameter optimization.

     

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