Abstract: Given the large deformation of soft rock with high ground stress in the Yuelongmen Tunnel on the newly built Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway, the concept of "active control" has been proposed. In addition to the advantage of rapid mechanized construction, the control measures including "optimized contour, two-layer support, step-by-step reservation, anchor-support combination, surrounding rock consolidation and rapid closure" are employed, where emphasis is put on the process control of deformation development. The key technology of "two-bench (inclusive of tunnel bottom) construction with short bench rapid ring closure" has been developed, to eventually achieve effective control of large deformation in soft rock.