Abstract: As mountain tunnels evolve towards greater height, depth, size, and length, the drill-and-blast construc? tion technique is gradually becoming inadequate to meet the current demands of tunnel construction. This paper reviews the development status and challenges faced by the drill-and-blast construction technique in mountainous tunnels, covering aspects such as construction theory, technology, equipment configuration, and environmental protection. It provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of drill-andblast techniques, summarizes the current technical status of drill-and-blast tunnels, identifies the existing technological bottlenecks and industry pain points,and anticipates future development trends for drill-and-blast mountain tunnel construction technology, aiming to offer references for the future advancement.