Abstract: To explore the effect and applicability of the caulking treatment measures against water leakage in shield tunnel segment joints, investigation and statistics are carried out on the segment water leakage conditions in a shield tunnel project in China. And with prepared concrete specimens the three-dimensional water pressure loading test system independently developed by Tongji University is used to carry out multiple sets of laboratory experimental study on the caulking and sealing method — the water leakage treatment measure actually used in the project.The results show that: (1) using the EPDM caulking and sealing gasket to treat the water leakage in segment joints, it can meet the requirements for Class I water-proofing. When the opening is 3 mm and the dislocation is 0 mm, it has a waterproof capacity of 0.38 MPa. When the dislocation is large, optimization design needs to be made for the section structure of the sealing gasket; (2) the sealing performance of the segment joint has obvious influence on the treatment effect of the caulking and sealing method, and water leakage is more likely to occur at positions where the caulking and sealing gasket is extruded out in the extrusion process and the sealing performance of the segment joint is poor.