Abstract: An efficient mucking system is crucial for the project schedule and cost planning. Based on TBM con? struction practices, this paper analyzes the advantages of belt conveyor mucking technology, summarizes five commonly used types of belt conveyors in tunnel construction and analyzes their characteristics and application scopes.On this basis, a TBM tunnel construction model was established to compare the economics of belt conveyor mucking with rail mucking. Recommendations are proposed for TBM belt conveyor mucking: (1) The belt conveyor should be the preferred equipment for TBM mucking; (2) Energy saving and environmental protection should be key aspects of the belt conveyor design; (3) the level of intelligent operation and maintenance management of belt conveyors should be enhanced; (4) The reliability of key components of belt conveyors should be improved; (5) The adaptability of belt conveyor structures to engineering should be enhanced through considering special structural design.