Abstract: Construction management in tunnel engineering is a complicated system. In particular, the complexity, uncertainty, and difficulty of system management are escalated when an extra-long tunnel is constructed in a high, cold mountain area. Using the typical extra-long single-tube two-way Balangshan Tunnel on the S303 highway in a high-altitude and very cold mountain area as an example, some new explorations and trials were conducted regarding tunnel construction management with respect to safety, quality, logistics, and scientific research as well as technological breakthrough. The concept of construction that is "people oriented, technologically innovative, and in harmony with nature" is put forward. A preliminary standard management system suitable for tunnel construction in cold mountain areas is conceived.