Abstract: To address the various problems related to shield segments, such as the impossibility of real simulation of the stress of shield segments with the extant segment testing system and the low sustainable utilization rate of equipment, this paper carries out preliminary research on and theoretical calculation and on-site measurement of shield tunnel segments with the objective to make further improvement to existing tests of large full-scale segments. This paper proposes a new full-scale test loading method for shield segments and innovatively develops a multi-ring prototype test loading system of shield segments. This system takes three-ring lining segments as the test subject and simulates the stress and deformation of the middle-ring segment under different working conditions of ground eccentric stacked loads. The test results show that the value of the bending moment of the segment increases with the increasing eccentric load, and the range of the positive bending moment region at the bottom is about twice the positive bending moment region at the top. Also, the efficiency of the bending stiffness of the segment increases linearly,while the bending moment transmission coefficient of the joint keeps decreasing, and the segment will be deflected as a whole under the eccentric load.