Abstract Long tunnels present many technical challenges in terms of planning, design, construction, and operation due to their complexity, geological uncertainty, and harsh conditions for safe construction, and operatio. This article addresses concrete suggestions concerning the geological survey, tunnel system scheme selection, design scheme, excavation method, support system, construction and operation safeties, and risk management of long tunnels.
Keywords ：
Abstract ：
Long tunnels present many technical challenges in terms of planning, design, construction, and operation due to their complexity, geological uncertainty, and harsh conditions for safe construction, and operatio. This article addresses concrete suggestions concerning the geological survey, tunnel system scheme selection, design scheme, excavation method, support system, construction and operation safeties, and risk management of long tunnels.
Keywords ：
published: 2012-03-26
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2012, Vol. 49 