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Research on Water Inrush Mechanisms and Grouting Sealing Techniques for
TBM Tunnels in Fractured Rock Masses
(1. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075; 2. China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,
Tianjin 300222; 3. China Railway No.18 Bureau Group Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400700; 4. School of Qilu
Transportation,Shandong University, Jinan 250061; 5. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University,
Nanjing 211816; 6. China Railway Southwest Research Institude Co. Ltd., Chengdu 611731)
Abstract To address water inrush control in water-rich fractured rock tunnels, this study is focused on the Chaor River to the Western Liaohe River Water Diversion Tunnel Project. Statistical analysis of rock mass fracture characteristics was conducted, and an equivalent fractured rock numerical model was developed based on field observations of water inrush to assess full-face grouting and sealing performance. The results reveal that interconnected fractures penetrating the tunnel serve as dominant pathways for water inrush, with single-point polyurethane grouting showing limited effectiveness in sealing continuous fracture flow paths. The established 3D equivalent numerical model accurately simulates actual water inrush conditions, demonstrating that increasing the grouting ring thickness
to 2.5-4.0 m while reducing permeability to 2.07×10??-4.14×10?? cm/s can reduce water inrush by 83.27-93.25%.Field application of full-face cement-sodium silicate double-liquid grouting proved highly effective, achieving 96.9-98.3% sealing efficiency and transforming gushing water and large-area linear flow into localized dripping and a small linear flow.
Abstract：
To address water inrush control in water-rich fractured rock tunnels, this study is focused on the Chaor River to the Western Liaohe River Water Diversion Tunnel Project. Statistical analysis of rock mass fracture characteristics was conducted, and an equivalent fractured rock numerical model was developed based on field observations of water inrush to assess full-face grouting and sealing performance. The results reveal that interconnected fractures penetrating the tunnel serve as dominant pathways for water inrush, with single-point polyurethane grouting showing limited effectiveness in sealing continuous fracture flow paths. The established 3D equivalent numerical model accurately simulates actual water inrush conditions, demonstrating that increasing the grouting ring thickness
to 2.5-4.0 m while reducing permeability to 2.07×10??-4.14×10?? cm/s can reduce water inrush by 83.27-93.25%.Field application of full-face cement-sodium silicate double-liquid grouting proved highly effective, achieving 96.9-98.3% sealing efficiency and transforming gushing water and large-area linear flow into localized dripping and a small linear flow.
LUO Zhiyang1 ZHANG Chunyu2,
3 WANG Lichuan1,
2 etc
.Research on Water Inrush Mechanisms and Grouting Sealing Techniques for
TBM Tunnels in Fractured Rock Masses[J] MODERN TUNNELLING TECHNOLOGY, 2025,V62(4): 145-154
2025, Vol. 62 