[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Home | About Journal |  Editorial Board |   |  Instruction |  Subscription |  Advertisement |   |  Download |  中文  Office Online   Search     Adv Search

·Online Submission ·Manuscript Tracking ·Peer Review ·Editor Work ·Office Work ·Editor-in-chief  Journal Online ·Forthcoming Articles ·Current Issue ·Next Issue ·Archive ·Advanced Search ·Read Articles ·Download Articles ·Email Alert ·  Download · More>>

Quick Search     Advanced Search MODERN TUNNELLING TECHNOLOGY   2025 Vol.62 Issue.3 Published 2025-06-25 1 Research Status and Development Trends of Intelligent Construction System for Drill and Blast Tunnelling QIN Tiange 1, 2 WU Li CHEN Qian1 XIA Zhen1 LIU Shiya1, 2 CAI Xin1 To advance tunnelling technology development and ensure a smooth transition to intelligent construction, this paper reviews the development of intelligent construction technology for drill and blast tunnelling. Firstly, it provides an overview of the development history of drill and blast tunnelling in China from a macro perspective and analyzes the development trends of drill and blast tunnelling. Secondly, based on intelligent expression, intelligent analysis, and intelligent management across all construction processes, an overall intelligent construction system is proposed, covering the entire process of "collection and transmission - extraction and processing - modeling and expression - application and analysis - control and management". This system offers a new approach for intelligent construction of drill and blast tunnelling, and its core content and research progress are systematically described.Finally, the key challenges faced by intelligent construction in drill and blast tunnelling are pointed out, and the future development of intelligent construction technology for drill and blast tunnelling is forecasted. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5010KB] ( 101 ) 11 Mechanism and Influencing Factor Sensitivity Analysis of Invert Arch Uplift in Red-bed Soft Rock Tunnels in Northwestern China YANG Zhongmin1,2,3 ZHANG Yufang1,2,3 LI Jian1,2,3 HE Jiajun1,2,3 ZHANG Shengjie To reveal the mechanical mechanism of invert arch uplift in red-bed soft rock tunnels in northwestern China, this study systematically analyzed the physical and mechanical properties of red-bed soft rock formations through laboratory experiments. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of four key factors:swelling force, creep behavior, invert arch stiffness, and in-situ stress. The results show that:(1) The mineral composition and fracture distribution of red-bed soft rock lead to low strength, water-induced softening, swelling, and disintegration characteristics; (2) Increased water content significantly reduces the shear strength and residual shear strength of the rock mass;(3) Under high confining pressure, it is difficult for the rock to enter a creep state. Therefore, during tunnel excavation, it is essential to understand groundwater variation law and promptly implement effective support to mitigate rock creep.Sensitivity analysis of influencing factors reveals that the uplift of the invert arch is most sensitive to swelling force, followed by creep duration, in-situ stress, and invert arch stiffness. Accordingly,the control of swelling force should be a key focus during the design and construction of invert arch in red-bed soft rock tunnels. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 11-18 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4141KB] ( 47 ) 19 Study on the Anti-seepage and Load-reduction Effects of Bearing Plates at the Top of Utility Tunnels in Collapsible Loess Sites XU Bowei AN Peng1 QIANG Chengcheng2 QIANG Chengcheng2 MIU Yingbing1 XU Guangyao3 In collapsible loess regions, backfilling utility tunnel foundations with compacted loess can generate sig? nificant additional loads, thereby exacerbating the collapsible deformation of the underlying loess upon water infiltration. To address this issue, field immersion tests and fluid-solid coupling numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the anti-seepage and load-reduction effects of a cement-soil bearing plate with high rigidity and low permeability installed at the top of the utility tunnel. The results demonstrate that the cement-soil bearing plate significantly mitigates the impact of water infiltration on the underlying loess through its "anti-seepage effect" and "cantilever effect." Under extreme rainfall conditions, the average saturation of the underlying loess layer decreased by 9.1%. Due to its high stiffness, the cement-soil bearing plate functions as a "bearing plate," reducing the collapsible deformation of the foundation to 7.2 cm, approximately 40% less than that observed in conventionally backfilled utility tunnel sections. Orthogonal fluid-solid coupling numerical simulations indicate that when the bearing plate is constructed with C25 reinforced concrete, with an extension width of 1.5 m and a thickness of 25 cm, the settlement at the center of the utility tunnel base is minimized (5.005 cm). It is recommended that 5.0 cm be adopted as the allowable settlement value for utility tunnel foundations. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 19-29 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7214KB] ( 34 ) 30 Performance Analysis of Steel-concrete Composite Structures with Double-row Shear Studs under Large Eccentric Compression CHENG Gaojun1 HE Lidong2 WANG Kui To improve the load-bearing performance of tunnel initial support structures under eccentric compres? sion, a new type of steel-concrete composite structure with double-row shear studs arranged on both sides of the steel web was proposed. Large eccentric compression tests were carried out under different eccentricities, and finite element simulations were used to analyze the load bearing characteristics of the composite structure and the influence of eccentricity variation on its performance. The results show that under natural bonding conditions, when the large eccentricity reaches 0.5h or 0.7h, cracks appear on both the compression and tension sides of the component, accompanied by concrete spalling, leading to complete failure of the structure. In contrast, the use of double-row shear studs significantly inhibits the slip at the steel-concrete interface, reduces crack propagation, and enhances the overall bearing capacity of the structure. For natural bonding components, the load-displacement curves exhibit similar trends under both 0.5h and 0.7h eccentricities, with the post-load bearing capacity maintained at 78% of the peak load. For components with double-row shear studs, the curves are also consistent, with the post-load capacity maintained at 89% of the peak load. Moreover, lateral deflection is reduced to a similar extent in both eccentricity conditions, indicating that the bearing performance and ductility of the studded members are not significantly affected by large eccentricity variations. Numerical simulations further confirm that the bearing capacity of studded composite members continues to improve with increasing eccentricity, validating the applicability of this structural form in tunnel initial support design. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7045KB] ( 26 ) 40 Field Measurement and Numerical Study on Deformation Behavior of Initial Supports with Different Arch Types GE Zhenghui ZHENG Jianguo1 LI Xinzhi CHEN Peng3 NING Zhiwei WANG Pengcheng2 ：To investigate the mechanical and deformation characteristics of different arch support structures in tun? nels with weak and loose surrounding rock, the Bimoyuan Tunnel on the Leshan-Xichang Expressway was selected as the engineering background. A combined approach of field tests and numerical simulations was employed to compare the mechanical responses of four types of initial support arches after tunnel excavation: ?159×5 mm, ?140×6 mm,and 120 mm×120 mm×5 mm concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) arches, and I20b steel arches. Results show that compared with the I20b steel arches, the CFST arches reduce steel consumption by 36.2%～41.9%, shotcrete volume by15%～30%, and measured displacement by 63.08%～72.31%. However, the maximum monitored stress values were observed in CFST arches, and the range of the surrounding rock plastic zone was significantly smaller. Under all four arch support types, shear and tensile failures were more likely to occur at the sidewalls and arch feet, and the maximum vertical displacement of the arches occurred at the arch bottom, with central uplift values ranging from 11.28 mm to 11.8 mm. Therefore, CFST arches offer a favorable combination of material efficiency, high stiffness, and strong support capacity. Nevertheless, substantial plastic zones still exist at the sidewalls and arch feet. It is recommended to improve the stability of the surrounding rock by grouting reinforcement or optimizing rock bolt support parameters. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 40-49 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7699KB] ( 37 ) 50 null HU Yunjin1,2,3 ZHU Mingwei GAO Huicai REN Zhihao1,2,3 Energy shield tunnels serve as critical underground structures for exploiting shallow geothermal energy, yet research on the influence of groundwater seepage on their heat exchange performance remains insufficient. To address this, a combined approach of model test and numerical simulation was employed to systematically investigate the effects of groundwater seepage velocity and flow direction on the heat exchange performance of energy shield tunnels. First, a similar experimental model was constructed to conduct model tests under five summer working conditions, clarifying the impact of groundwater seepage on the temperature distribution of heat exchange pipes and surrounding rock. The experimental results were then used to validate the accuracy of numerical simulations. Subsequently, 20 numerical simulation cases were performed under varying seepage velocities, flow directions, and seasonal conditions. The results demonstrate that the heat exchange performance of energy shield tunnels significantly improves with increasing groundwater seepage velocity. A smaller angle between the seepage direction and the tunnel axis enhances heat exchange efficiency. Under summer conditions, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange pipes is markedly greater than that observed in winter conditions. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 50-59 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6683KB] ( 42 ) 60 Tunnel Energy Supply Strategy and Practice with Grid-Connected PV-Storage Microgrid: A Case Study of the Wudingguan Tunnel Photovoltaic Power Station Project LI Qiang1 HAN Xingbo2 XIE Ju1 LI Chao3 LI Xing3 MA Aihua1 BI Jiefu3 YE Fei Mountain highway tunnels consume substantial energy during operation. Utilizing clean energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) power to partially or fully meet tunnel energy demands represents a crucial approach to alleviate traditional energy shortages and achieve carbon neutrality goals. Based on the Wudingguan Tunnel PV power station project, this study establishes a comprehensive design and evaluation framework for highway tunnel PV energy supply systems, incorporating tunnel energy consumption analysis, solar resource assessment, PV-storage system design,and operational performance evaluation. The research provides specific design methodologies for highway tunnel PV stations and analyzes long-term monitoring data to reveal intrinsic relationships between PV power generation and weather/seasonal variations. Key findings include: (1) The Wudingguan PV station achieves an annual output of 9 ×105 kW·h, fully covering non-ventilation electricity demands (3.8 × 105 kW·h); (2) PV power generation shows strong weather dependence, with clear days yielding maximum daily average output (3 472.8 kW·h) and snowy days producing minimal output (less than 1/40 of that in clear days); (3) Grid-connected PV microgrid in Wudingguan tunnel effectively mitigates typical PV limitations like instability and low utilization efficiency ("junk electricity"characteristics). 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 60-66 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3805KB] ( 29 ) 67 Development and Application of TBM-mounted Omni-directional and Normal Deep Anchor Hole Drilling Machine WANG Lichuan1，2 YAN Guangtian1 YUAN Wei GAO Hongbing4 LI Liping2 ZHANG Chunyu1,5 WU Jian4 ZHANG Long3 To address TBM jamming caused by large deformation in high-stress soft rock tunnels, this study takes the Xinjiang XEⅢ project as a case to analyze the primary causes of TBM jamming accidents. The results clearly indicate that soft rock deformation is the main factor delaying the construction progress of the remaining 2.3 km section. Accordingly, a comprehensive technical solution of omni-directional and normal anchoring with long, rapid and strong features behind the TBM cutterhead is proposed, and a TBM-mounted omni-directional and normal deep anchor hole drilling machine is developed. The equipment incorporates a swing arm-feeding beam linkage adjustment mechanism (angle adjustment accuracy ±0.5°) and a compact drill rod clamp module (50% volume reduction),enabling 360° normal drilling of system deep anchor holes (8-12 m depth) within a confined 2.4 m annular space.The modular rod connection technology improves drilling efficiency to 1 m/min. Field applications demonstrate that this technology can achieve omni-directional and normal deep anchor hole drilling under TBM working conditions,reducing the anchoring cycle from 800 min/ring to 300 min/ring. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 67-74 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4471KB] ( 46 ) 75 Study on Surrounding Rock Identification and Excavation Speed Prediction in TBM Tunnels Based on the Interaction Mechanism of Rock-Machine Parameters LI Jiuyuan1 GAO Fayong1 MA Yongtao1 TANG Mingyang2 FU Kang3 LI Yuheng2 XUE Yiguo2 Identifying the surrounding rock of TBM tunnels and predicting the excavation speed are crucial to ensuring the safe and efficient excavation of TBMs. In order to more accurately predict the TBM excavation speed, this study constructs a prediction framework based on PCA-BP and CNN-LSTM-Attention. First, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to process excavation parameters, such as cutter head torque, and surrounding rock parameters to explore the dynamic correlation patterns between surrounding rock parameters, excavation parameters, and excavation speed. Two principal component indicators are extracted, and a BP neural network is constructed to recognize surrounding rock grades. Then, the penetration, FPI, and TPI of each surrounding rock grade are used as input to predict excavation speed using the CNN-LSTM-Attention model. Finally, the effectiveness of the prediction framework is evaluated, the impact of surrounding rock grade classification on the prediction results is analyzed, and the model is compared with traditional regression models. The research results show that compared to BP neural networks and other traditional regression models, the CNN-LSTM-Attention model performs better. The R2 of the prediction results for each surrounding rockgrade is over 90%. Classifying surrounding rock grades significantly improves the prediction accuracy. The R2 for Grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ-a, Ⅲ-b, and Ⅳ surrounding rocks improves by 20%, 17%,17%, and 24%, respectively, compared to when no classification is performed. The mean square error (MSE) decreases by 88%, 86%, 81%, and 48%, respectively. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 75-87 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8056KB] ( 44 ) 88 Hybrid Prediction Model for Shield Machine Attitude Based on TPE-XGBoost-GRU and Its Application LUO Zhenhan1 LIAO Shaoming1 ZHAO shuai Real-time prediction and control of shield machine attitude are crucial for ensuring construction safety. To address the issues of low prediction accuracy and ambiguous parameter selection in existing methods, this study proposes a hybrid prediction model based on TPE-XGBoost-GRU. The model considers four categories of factors influencing shield attitude, selects key features through the gain method in XGBoost algorithm, and optimizes the GRU model using Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) in Bayesian optimization. The superiority of the proposed model is verified by comparing the prediction performance of different hyperparameter optimization methods with deep learning algorithms. The results demonstrate that: (1) Historical shield attitude data play a critical role in attitude prediction; (2) During hyperparameter optimization, the number of hidden units and learning rate in GRU are key influencing factors, with importance weights of 0.36 and 0.30, respectively; (3) For prediction performance optimization, TPE outperforms random search and grid search, with maximum improvements of 41.1% in MAE and 12.0% in R2; (4) Under TPE optimization, the prediction performance of the three algorithm models ranks as GRU >LSTM > RNN. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 88-99 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6076KB] ( 41 ) 100 Optimization of Construction Parameters for Shield Tunnels Undercrossing Existing Lines Based on Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning ZHENG Tengyue1 WANG Shuying1,2 YUAN Xiao1 To ensure the safe operation of existing railways and the successful construction of new tunnels during shield undercrossing, a small sample data-driven optimization method combining numerical simulation and ma? chine learning is proposed for construction parameter optimization. First, a refined numerical model is established based on an actual project, and orthogonal experiments are conducted to analyze the impact of shield construction parameters such as support pressure, cutterhead face friction torque, grouting pressure, and shield shell friction on the deformation of the existing tunnel. Then, the main influencing factors (support pressure and grouting pressure)are selected as variables, and Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to generate representative working condition data.A surrogate model is constructed based on the corresponding numerical simulation results. Finally, the surrogate model is used for ergodic prediction of working conditions in running tunnel to determine the optimal combination of shield construction parameters. The results show that excavation face support pressure and grouting pressure are the key factors affecting the deformation of the existing tunnel. The numerical simulated working conditions obtained through optimized Latin Hypercube Sampling are highly representative, and the constructed surrogate model meets the engineering requirements in terms of prediction accuracy. Field practice shows that the optimized construction parameters not only effectively suppress the deformation of the existing tunnel but also significantly reduce computational costs, demonstrating higher efficiency and practicality compared to traditional methods. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 100-107 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3510KB] ( 40 ) 108 Study on the Blasting Effect of Tunnel Wedge Cut under Different Cut Hole Angles LI Yuhua1 GAO Yawei ZHONG Qiufeng1 QIN Lixuan2 LI Junjie CHENG Zhiming2 HUANG Yonghui The cut hole angle is a key parameter influencing the blasting effect of wedge-shaped cuts. To determine the optimal cut hole angle and improve the cavity formation and tunnel excavation efficiency, this study takes the Gonghecun Tunnel on the Ludian-Qiaojia Expressway in Yunnan as the engineering background. Mechanical tests were first conducted on rock samples collected from the blasting area. Then, numerical simulations of different cut hole angles were carried out using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and the results were verified through field tests. The results indicate that as the cut hole angle increases from 55° to 75°, the effective stress within the cavity significantly increases by up to 108%. Simultaneously, the damage zone around the hole opening expands from 0.2 m to 0.9 m. The maximum ejection velocity first decreases and then increases: from 43.6 m/s at55°, it drops to 36.3 m/s at 65°, then rises to 43.1 m/s at 75°, with corresponding variations in ejection distance.Therefore, a larger cut hole angle enhances both effective stress and the surrounding rock damage zone. Among the tested angles, 65° yields the best cavity formation effect. Field tests showed good agreement with the simulation results, verifying the effectiveness of the numerical model. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 108-116 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5159KB] ( 46 ) 117 Dynamic Response of Composite Support Structures Under Different Blasting Methods for TBM Breakout ZHU Junlin1 ZHENG Mingming1, 2 PENG Linzhi ZHU Chengtao1 XIONG Liang1 ZHANG Yawei WU Zurui To systematically and quantitatively analyze the dynamic response characteristics and safety ranges of support structures under different blasting methods for releasing a double-shield TBM (shield body) jammed in high-stress hard rock, this study takes the TBM jamming section in the Duoxiongla Highway Tunnel as an example.Numerical models were established using SolidWorks and Hypermesh, and LS-DYNA was employed to calculate and analyze the dynamic effects of millisecond-delay blasting on support structures under high geostress. Based on this, with peak particle velocity (PPV) as the key indicator, the advantages of millisecond-delay blasting over simultaneous blasting were investigated, and the safety ranges of support structures under different blasting loads were delineated. The results show that the maximum PPV of the support structure occurs near the center of the blasting zone and gradually increases with the advance depth of blasting, with the occurrence time advancing correspondingly. Notably, the 5th and 6th blasting advance rounds exhibit significantly higher PPVs than other advance rounds. Compared to simultaneous blasting, millisecond-delay blasting effectively reduces the dynamic impact of blasting loads on composite support structures. For the 5th and 6th blasting advance rounds, millisecond-delay blasting reduces PPV by up to 42.3%, significantly shrinking the unsafe range of the support structure. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 117-125 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4610KB] ( 36 ) 126 Study on the Combined Bearing Mechanical Characteristics of the Double-layer Lining Structure of Subsea Shield Tunnels LI Hanyuan1,2 FENG Jin1 GUO Hongyu1 XIE Xiongyao2 ZHOU Hongsheng1 SUN Fei In order to explore the bearing characteristics of the double-layer lining structure of subsea shield tun? nels, taking the Jintang Subsea Tunnel on Ningbo-Zhoushan Expressway 2nd as an engineering background, this study considers the bond damage mechanics effect at the interface of the double-layer lining. A three-dimensional elastoplastic damage model for the double-layer lining structure of shield tunnels is established to study the com? bined bearing mechanical characteristics of the tunnel segment structure and secondary lining under high water pressure conditions, and to clarify the safe bearing state of the double-layer lining structure. The research results show that: (1) Compared with the single-layer segment scheme, the ultimate bearing capacity and structural stiffness of the overlapped double-layer lining structure increase by 66.3% and 200.8%, respectively, while the composite lining has little impact on its structural bearing capacity and lateral stiffness, with increases of only 7.1% and 16.9%, respectively. The greater the loss of interface bond strength, the lower the ultimate bearing capacity of the tunnel structure and the worse its deformation adaptability; (2) During the bearing process of the overlapping struc? ture, both the tunnel segment and the secondary lining structure are at risk of exceeding their ultimate bearing ca? pacity. The arch bottom of secondary lining presents a small eccentric tensile state, where through cracks are likely to occur; the arch waist of secondary lining presents a small eccentric compressive state, where crush failure is like? ly; the segment and secondary lining of the composite structure both show a large eccentric compressive state, and no through cracks are generated, but there is a risk that the width of structural cracks may exceed the code limits; (3) Based on the deformation failure characteristics of the secondary lining of the overlapping structure and the residual bearing capacity index of the composite structure, safety control indicators for the double-layer lining structure of shield tunnels are proposed.  2025 Vol. 62 (3): 126-138 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9207KB] ( 40 ) 139 Study on the Mechanical Characteristics of Shield Cutter Cutting Pile Foundation Main Reinforcement Considering Spatial Effects SU Heng1 WANG Shimin1 ZHU Xuhong2 QIN Shanliang3 Based on the shield cutting municipal underground pile group in the Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen In? tercity Rail Transit tunnel project, a mathematical model for shield cutters cutting different spatially distributed pile foundations is established. Numerical simulation methods are used to explore the impact of spatial effects on the shield cutting pile group, and optimization suggestions for tunnelling parameters are proposed and validated based on the engineering practice. The research results show that:(1) The spatial distribution of pile foundations during shield cutting can be characterized by the cutter′s cutting angle. When the cutting angle approaches 90°, the pile foundation is near the center of the cutterhead; when the cutting angle approaches 0°, the pile foundation is near the edge of the cutterhead. (2) When cutting the reinforcement in pile foundations near the edge of the cutterhead, the cutter tools tend to break the reinforcement rather than cut it. As the pile foundation moves from the center of the cutterhead to the edge, the shear force exerted on the reinforcement by the cutters decreases significantly, by up to 56.7%, while the tensile force increases significantly. (3) The closer the pile foundation is to the edge of the cutterhead, the larger the cutting angle left on the reinforcement by the cutting tool, and the longer the cutting. (4) When cutting pile foundations near the edge, the shield machine can appropriately increase the penetration, thrust, and torque, which in turn increases the shear force of the cutters on the reinforcement at the cutterhead edge, facilitating cutting reinforcement. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 139-150 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8162KB] ( 38 ) 151 Study on the Impact of High-pressure Gas Pipeline Leakage and Explosion on the Roof Structure of Underlying Subway Stations CHENG Jianhua1,2 WENG Yingkang1 YE Yaqi YANG Xiaolin1,2 YAN Wenrong3 GUO Ruijing1 To investigate the damage effects of high-pressure gas pipeline leakage and explosion on the roof struc? ture of underlying subway stations under different pressure conditions, this study employs the TNT equivalent method to determine the gas cloud explosion load following pipeline leakage. A full-scale numerical simulation model of subway station roof is established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA, comprehensively analyzing the damage characteristics from four aspects: structural damage, failure modes, Von-Mises stress, and dynamic response. A dimensional analysis-based functional relationship expression is proposed between roof damage effects and pipeline pressure. Key findings include: (1) The subway station roof primarily exhibits spalling failure, with damage zone width proportional to pipeline pressure; (2) Local tearing failures frequently occur at beam-slab joints, generating two through cracks along beam direction; (3) Von-Mises stress concentrates at damage zone edges with values inversely proportional to pipeline pressure, showing equal peak stress but different distribution patterns on the blast-facing side and the back-blast side; (4) Nodal displacement and velocity responses in the Z-direction are proportional to pipeline pressure, while the acceleration response patterns in the Z-direction on the blast-facing side and the back-blast side exhibit opposite trends. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 151-159 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4547KB] ( 28 ) 160 Optimization Study on the Support Structure of a Tunnel in Carbonaceous Phyllite Using Physical Model Tests WANG JingYong1,2 WANG Ping2 YANG Jin2 JI Feng3 Tunnel construction in fractured and loose soft rock strata often leads to severe deformation and localized collapses, posing serious threats to construction safety and significantly delaying project progress. The current classification system for highway tunnel surrounding rock and the corresponding support structure design parameters are inadequate to effectively address such deformation challenges. Therefore, research on the optimization of support structures for surrounding rock is urgently needed. This study focuses on a section with Class V surrounding rock in a carbonaceous phyllite tunnel. A 1:80 scale physical model test was conducted, for which a custom-designed model box and measurement system were developed. The study systematically investigated three categories of support structure parameters: thickness of shotcrete, spacing of steel arch supports, and thickness of secondary lining. The test results show that all three factors significantly affect surrounding rock stability. The optimal configuration—30 cm shotcrete thickness, 64 cm steel arch spacing, and 64 cm secondary lining thickness—can effectively control ongoing deformation of the surrounding rock while ensuring the safety and economic efficiency of the support structure. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 160-169 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6546KB] ( 35 ) 170 Experimental Study on the Mechanical Performance of Steel Corrugated Plate-fabricform Concrete Support Joints in Tunnelling LI Pengfei ZHANG Jialong ZHANG Mingju CUI Xiaopu HUANG Zhengdong MA Rui To systematically investigate the mechanical behaviors and failure mechanisms of flange joints in steel corrugated plate-fabricform concrete composite structures, this study combines full-scale bending tests with numerical simulations. The effects of corrugated plate thickness, flange plate thickness, concrete strength, rib thickness,and axial force on the bending performance of three types of component joints were evaluated. The results show that compared with the pure steel corrugated plate structure, the composite structure with fabricform concrete and the ribbed composite structure exhibit significantly improved bearing capacity, increasing by 63.2% and 128.6%, respectively. When the thickness of the steel corrugated plate increases from 5 mm to 7 mm, the average deflection decreases by 22.4%; further increasing the thickness to 9 mm reduces the average deflection by 11.4%, indicating a significant enhancement in flange joint stiffness. When the flange plate thickness increases by 5 mm from 5 mm and 10 mm, the average deflection is reduced by 31.4% and 28.5%, respectively, demonstrating improved deformation resistance. When the rib thickness increases from 5 mm to 10 mm and then to 15 mm, the average vertical displacement at the mid-span decreases by 37.8%, 30.2%, and 12.2%, respectively. For thinner ribs, the improvement in bending performance is more pronounced. Considering bearing capacity, economic efficiency, and construction feasibility, it is recommended that the steel corrugated plate thickness be set between 7～9 mm, the flange plate thick? ness between 10~15 mm, and the rib thickness between 10～15 mm. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 170-181 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9583KB] ( 39 ) 182 Influence of Weathered Mudstone Powders on the Properties of Slurry and Filter Cake in Slurry Shield Tunnelling LIU Tao1 ZHANG Lei YIN Wenjun2,3 SHI Zhipeng1 QIAN Yongjin2,3 WANG Shiyu2,3 DAI Yeqian2,3 MIN Fanlu2,3 To address the issue of a large amount of mudstone powders mixing into the slurry during slurry shield tunnelling in weathered rock layers, this study uses weathered mudstone powders to replace bentonite in different proportions and simulates the process of changes in the properties of slurry. The parameters including slurry viscosity,bleeding rate, Zeta potential, particle gradation, and filtration loss during the filter cake formation process are tested to explore the effect of the mudstone powder mix ratio on slurry and filter cake properties, and the mechanisms of the changes in properties are analyzed. The results show that the addition of mudstone powders significantly reduces slurry viscosity, increases the bleeding rate, causes particle agglomeration in the slurry, and lowers the Zeta potential.When the mix proportion of mudstone powders is 30%, the filter cake becomes denser, and compared with pure bentonite slurry, the permeability coefficient decreases by 70.30%, and the porosity decreases by 43.94%. Under a pressure of 0.45 MPa, the air-tight time exceeds 320 minutes. However, when the mudstone powder mix proportion exceeds 30%, the properties of the filter cake decline significantly. The reduction of Zeta potential in slurry when mud? stone powder is added is a key factor in the increase in particle size, the increase in bleeding rate, and the decrease in air-tight time and air-tight value in the filter cake. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 182-189 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4630KB] ( 41 ) 190 Study on the Deflection Pattern of Principal Strain Axis during Progressive Failure of Tunnel-type Anchorage in Soft Rock LIU Jie LIU Xinrong2 HAN Yafeng1,2 LIANG Ninghui To reveal the progressive failure evolution mechanism of tunnel-type anchorage in soft rock during loading, this study focuses on the problem of strain localization during progressive failure of tunnel-type anchorage. A combined approach of similarity model testing and digital image correlation (DIC) technology was used to systematically investigate the development and evolution of the maximum principal strain around the main cracks in the surrounding rock during load bearing of tunnel-type anchorage. Special attention was given to the rotation characteristics of the maximum principal strain axis within the concentrated strain zone throughout the loading process. The results show that: (1) the principal strain axes near the strain concentration zone exhibit clockwise rotation near the crack tip and counterclockwise rotation within the zone; (2) as the load increases, the rotation angle of the principal strain axis at most points within the zone tends to stabilize or slightly decrease; (3) a decrease in the roughness of the anchor-rock interface reduces the displacement in the tensile direction of the anchor plug during the middle and late stages of failure; (4) when new concentrated strain zones develop on both sides of the original principal axis, the rotation of principal axis outside the zone no longer tends to stabilize after change. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 190-200 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8153KB] ( 36 ) 201 Experimental Study on Self-potential Response during Water Inrush Processes in Tunnels Crossing Fault Zones ZHANG Hang1 TIAN Quan1 CHEN Liangqing1 HUANG Minyao2 LING Chengpeng2 Analyzing the variation characteristics of groundwater flow field is crucial for monitoring and early warning of water inrush disasters. This study employed self-potential (SP) method in laboratory experiments to investigate water inrush processes during tunnel excavation through fault zones. The temporal evolution of SP signals was recorded, and the correlation between SP values and water inflow rates was statistically analyzed to elucidate the SP response mechanism during water inrush events, with numerical simulations conducted for validation. Key findings include: (1) SP variations become more pronounced closer to the water inrush section; (2) The rate of SP change exhibits high sensitivity to water inrush processes, effectively reflecting seepage velocity variations; (3) A significant negative correlation exists between SP values and water inflow rates (increased inflow corresponds to decreased SP); (4) SP signals demonstrate excellent response to both the location and magnitude of tunnel water inrush. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 201-208 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4700KB] ( 41 ) 209 Tunnel Crown Deformation Monitoring Method Based on Vehicle-mounted Laser Point Clouds LIU Shangguo1 CI Naiquan1 LIU Rufei1 CHENG Kun2 WANG Fei1 MA Xinjiang3 The structural stability of highway tunnels directly affects traffic safety. To monitor tunnel deformation in real time, eliminate potential safety hazards, and reduce the risk of accidents, this paper proposes a method for monitoring tunnel crown deformation based on vehicle-mounted laser point clouds. The method involves extracting the tunnel central axis and continuous cross-sections, improving point-to-plane nearest-point registration and precision evaluation techniques for accurate deformation analysis. The main steps are as follows: (1) the tunnel central axis is extracted using multi-view projection and median method, followed by fitting normal planes based on the local similarity of central axis points to clip tunnel cross-sections; (2) the tunnel cross-sections are partitioned and registered with normal and radial constraints, and the registration result is computed iteratively by weighting the registration accuracy of each partition. Experimental results show that this method improves registration accuracy by 19% and 79% over ICP and K4PCS algorithms respectively under complex scenarios. It effectively reflects highway tunnel deformation and provides important technical support for tunnel operation safety. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 209-216 [Abstract] ( 13 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3908KB] ( 37 ) 217 Adaptive Strategies for Mechanized Drill-and-Blast Construction in Highway Tunnels TANG Xie LIN Guojin1, 2 ZHANG Hang2 To enhance the safety and efficiency of mechanized drill-and-blast construction in highway tunnels and address challenges such as difficult mechanized construction and overbreak control in poor rock mass conditions,this paper investigates existing problems and proposes adaptive strategies. Current issues include: limited mechanized construction due to small excavation sections and short safety advance length in poor surrounding rock; inadequate pre-reinforcement at the tunnel face; high safety risks during drilling and manual charging at long exposed unsupported sections; insufficient sprayed concrete compaction, untimely active supporting of anchor bolt, and limited passive bearing capacity of steel arch under the conventional“support first and then bolt”construction process. In response, the paper presents the following countermeasures:(1) A full-process mechanized construction configuration and matching excavation method tailored to different rock grades is proposed, optimizing the safety advance length;(2) For unstable tunnel faces, a combination method of excavation, forepoling, and pre-grouting is proposed;(3) Through theoretical calculations, the minimum section length without steel arch is determined, and based on effective length of pre-support, the traditional“drill-blast-support”process in single-cycle is transformed into the “drill-support-blast”process in two-cycle, improving safety and increasing advance per cycle;(4) A initial support sequence with“bolt first and then support”is proposed, in which active support with bolt and mesh, and primary shotcrete are applied immediately after mucking and scaling, reducing reliance on passive supporting with steel arches. This is supported by resin bolts suitable for active support with bolt and mesh, and early-strength shotcrete process, enabling drilling operations under bolt-and-mesh support, thereby improving safety and operational efficiency. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 217-228 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8393KB] ( 60 ) 229 Study on Mechanical Behaviors and Spatiotemporal Effects in Mechanized Large-section Tunnelling WANG Zhilong1,2,3,4 WANG Mingnian2,3,4 ZHANG Xiao2,3,4 TONG Jianjun2,3,4 LIU Dagang2,3,4 The tunnel projects in Hubei section of Zhengzhou-Wanzhou High-speed Railway represents a typical case of fully mechanized drill and blast method tunnelling in China. Characterized by large excavation area, extended advance length, and high construction efficiency, it demonstrates significant differences in mechanical behaviors and spatiotemporal effects compared to traditional small-scale mechanical partial excavation methods. Through numerical simulations and field tests, this study investigates the mechanical behaviors and spatiotemporal effects in mechanized construction of large-section tunnels. Key findings include: (1) Large-section excavation reduces face stability (40% increase in maximum pre-convergence deformation) and weakens spatial effects, making advanced support crucial for face stability control; (2) The single-stage support system with rapid closure in large-section construction effectively restrains overall settlement (22.5% reduction in final convergence deformation); (3) Under identical conditions, C30 early-high-strengh shotcrete reduces tunnel convergence deformation by 20.1% compared to C30 ordinary shotcrete, demonstrating that rapid development of high bearing capacity of support structure in early stages could effectively control deformation as spatial effects diminish and advance lengths increase. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 229-239 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6475KB] ( 44 ) 240 Parametric Study on Air Chamber Ventilation in Tunnelling Using Relay Fans for Airflow Distribution WANG Shuaishuai FU Yifan2,3 XU Yong1 SHI Jingfeng1 GUO Chun2,3 In the construction of extra-long tunnels, traditional forced ventilation becomes ineffective due to exces? sive ventilation distances. It is therefore common to install the air chamber at the base of inclined shafts and deploy relay fans in the main tunnel to ensure adequate airflow. To address the challenge of uneven airflow distribution from different chamber outlets caused by varying air demands at different tunnel faces under complex construction conditions, this study takes the 4# cross passage section of a 42 km-long railway tunnel as a case study. A air chamber ventilation system for tunnel construction was designed using numerical simulation. The results indicate that:(1)The closer the two relay fans are in the same main tunnel, the greater the mutual aerodynamic interference;(2) The lower the air velocity inside the air chamber, the more significantly the variation in fan pressure affects airflow distribution;(3) The smaller the air chamber dimensions in the cross passage, the weaker the influence of fan pressure variation on airflow distribution.Based on the simulation results, optimal total pressure parameters for relay fans at each chamber outlet were determined, ensuring consistent air supply under different construction conditions. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 240-248 [Abstract] ( 15 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3897KB] ( 29 ) 249 Risk Mitigation Measures and Excavation Analysis of Shield Launching beneath an Existing Metro Station on the First Terrace of the Yangtze River CHEN Yunyao This study addresses the construction challenges and safety risks associated with the shield launching beneath an existing metro station in the water-rich silty fine sand strata of the Yangtze River′s first terrace. The key risks include water and sand inrush at the tunnel portal, deformation of the existing metro track bed, difficulty in establishing earth pressure balance in the excavation chamber, and continuous grinding of diaphragm walls. This paper systematically presents the adopted engineering countermeasures. Statistical analysis of six key excavation parameters lincluding earth chamber pressure, cutterhead torque, cutterhead rotation speed, penetration rate, advance speed, and total thrust reveals the characteristic variations during shield launching beneath the existing station. In addition, abnormal excavation conditions, glass fiber rebar cutting, and track bed deformation are thoroughly analyzed. The findings provide valuable technical guidance for similar underground crossing projects under complex geological conditions. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 249-258 [Abstract] ( 11 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8145KB] ( 39 ) 259 Study on the Causes and Prevention Measures of Water and Mud Inrush Disasters in Sichuan Yanjiang Expressway Tunnels ZOU Yulin1, 2 LIU Jing1 WANG Bo2 CHENG Ziquan2 XIE Zuodong2 GU Hao3 WANG Kaiyue This study takes the Sichuan Yanjiang Expressway Tunnels as the research object and employs data analy? sis and typical case study methods to systematically analyze the complex geological conditions of the tunnels. The study identifies and classifies the disaster-causing structures of water and mud inrush disasters. Through the analysis of typical cases of water and mud inrush disasters in the Ningnan Tunnel and Ninghui Tunnel, the study investigates the stratigraphic characteristics, geological structures, and hydrogeological features of different types of disaster-causing structures and reveals the role of karst conduits, underground rivers, karst cavities, and fracture networks in triggering the disasters. The research results show that karst-related disaster-causing structures dominate the disasters in the Yanjiang Expressway tunnels. Special geological conditions at the interface between soluble and non-soluble rocks significantly increase the difficulty of disaster identification and prevention. Based on the research results, prevention measures for tunnel water and mud inrush disasters are proposed, focusing on advanced detection and pre-grouting reinforcement. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 259-269 [Abstract] ( 16 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8924KB] ( 30 ) 270 Research on Shield Grouting Materials Based on Resource Utilization of Granite Rock Powder ZHU Shuangting1 REN Guoping2 ZHAO Qiang3 GAO Xin2 ZHANG Jian2 ZHENG Bin2 WANG Haibo2 Based on the Shenzhen International Airport-Dayawan Intercity Railway Tunnel project, this study inves? tigates the improvement of synchronous grouting materials by using rock powder as a substitute for sand aggregate.The research focuses on optimization of rock powder substitution ratio, analysis of its influence mechanism, and permeability study of pea gravel, aiming to determine the optimal mix proportion of new grouting materials and compare their performance with traditional materials. Key findings include: (1) When the substitution ratio of rock powder increases from 0% to 30%, the fluidity of grout gradually improves with extended setting time, as smooth-surfaced fine rock powder replaces silty-fine sand; (2) From 30% to 70% substitution, cement hydration degree decreases,causing reduced fluidity and prolonged setting time. So the optimal substitution rate of rock powder is 30% with 17.8% increase in fluidity compared to original material ; (3) The orthogonal test-derived optimal mix ratio (cement∶fly ash∶bentonite∶fine sand∶rock powder∶water = 224.9∶432.6∶30∶548.3∶281.6∶500) demonstrates superior fluidity and setting time while meeting specifications, effectively preventing pea gravel grouting voids in field applications. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 270-281 [Abstract] ( 14 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7694KB] ( 30 ) 282 Indoor Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Conditioned Soils in Gravel Stratum LIU Xiaodi WANG Huaidong2 JIANG Tao1 WANG Zhiguo3 Due to the varying properties of different soil layers, the choice and dosage of soil conditioners for EPB shield tunnelling vary accordingly. Adaptability studies of conditioning parameters are needed based on soil properties. For the common gravel layers in shield tunnel projects in Shenyang, a method combining foam agent and bentonite slurry was used for soil improvement. Using a self-made pressurized rotational shear device, parameters such as shear strength, compressibility, and viscosity coefficient of the conditioned soils were measured. The influence of foam concentration, foam injection ratio, bentonite slurry concentration, and bentonite slurry injection ratio on the performance of the conditioned soil was investigated. The experimental results show that the foam agent had a more significant effect on the flow plasticity of the conditioned soil than the bentonite slurry, while the bentonite slurry had a more significant impact on the shear strength. The optimal ratio for soil conditioning in gravel layer was deter? mined. 2025 Vol. 62 (3): 282-290 [Abstract] ( 12 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7602KB] ( 35 )

More>>   · · More>>

Copyright © 2011  Editorial By MODERN TUNNELLING TECHNOLOGY Supported by:Beijing Magtech Co.ltd  Email:support@magtech.com.cn