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Quick Search     Advanced Search MODERN TUNNELLING TECHNOLOGY   2019 Vol.56 Issue.2 Published 2019-04-25 1 Study on Design and Selection Techniques for Large-Diameter Shield Railway Tunnel TIAN Siming1 ZHAO Yong1 WANG Liqing2 LI Pengfei3 Based on the shield design and construction of the Dongjin tunnel on the southwest ring road of Taiyuan railway terminal, an analysis and discussion on adaptability were conducted in terms of engineering geology, hydrogeology, ambient environment and risk management regarding shield tunnel design and shield selection, with the results showing that shield selection is critical for shield tunnel construction, it′s necessary to master detailed geological survey documents, properly choose shield machine and determine the related technical parameters; soil conditioning and grouting system configuration should be improved during shield construction to well control ground settlement; it is feasible for large-diameter earth-pressure balance shield to be adopted in the strata with complex ambient environment and the influence on urban residents is reducing to the largest extent. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 659 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2993KB] ( 1967 ) 10 Study on Key Techniques for TBM1 Section of the Water Conveyance Tunnel of Lanzhou Water Source Construction Project YANG Jihua1 LIANG Guohui2 CAO Jianfeng2 YANG Fengwei1 The geological condition, design and arrangement of TBM1 construction section of water conveyance tun? nel of Lanzhou water source construction project are complex and the construction will face challenges, such as mucking by continuous belt conveyor, drainage at the section of variable gradients, treatment of adverse geological section, advanced geological prediction etc. Based on an analysis of the above problems, some specific measures and methods were proposed. Stable operation of continuous belt conveyor at the turning and uphill section is critical, corresponding treatment methods were put forward regarding the common faults; construction drainage systems of branch tunnel downhill section and main tunnel uphill section were designed; a comprehensive advanced geological prediction method combining geological analysis, construction geological sketch and geophysical prospecting was adopted to predict the geological condition in front of the work face, and corresponding measures were taken based on the predicted results in order to avoid or eliminate geological disasters. The TBM1 tunnelling practice shows that the above measures are effective and ensure rapid and safe construction of TBM1 section. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 10-17 [Abstract] ( 670 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1663KB] ( 1574 ) 18 Study on Deformation Law and Key Points of Construction Management of Loess Tunnels KONG Qingxiang Support failure and tunnel collapse often occur during construction of loess tunnels. Based on the moni? toring and measurement data of railway loess tunnels, a statistical analysis on the deformation laws of loess tunnels with different surrounding rock grades, buried depths and moisture contents were studied, with the results showing that: (1) the values of crown settlements and peripheral convergence of the loess tunnel in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ are almost within 50 mm and 35 mm respectively, while the values of crown settlements and peripheral convergence of the loess tunnel in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ are almost within 60 mm and 40 mm respectively; (2) the crown settlement and convergence of double-track loess tunnels in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ have a positive relationship with moisture content, deformation rate increases at first and then decreases, and deformation increases obviously when water content exceeds 16%; (3) based on the statistics of crown settlements, it proposed that the range of reserved deformation of loess tunnels in surrounding rock of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ should be 7-9 cm and 12-15 cm respectively; (4) the key points of construction management of loess tunnels include identification of key and difficult works, strict construction scheme review before commencement, paying attention to ground surface treatment, enhancing geological forecast, monitoring and measurement during tunnel construction, strict management of the design alteration, construction process and quality . 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 18-23 [Abstract] ( 650 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2294KB] ( 1465 ) 24 Seepage Drainage Techniques for the Tunnel Lining in Service WANG Yaqiong1 ZHANG Lei1,2 WANG Zhifeng1 SUN Tiejun3 Water leakage of tunnel lining is a common disease which endangers the safety of tunnel structure and operation. In light of the shortcomings of current treatment methods, a new treatment technology was proposed,namely grooves are made at three sides or around the place of leakage and multi-function drainage channels are installed, adjustable bolts and steel strips are arranged at the two side grooves to apply pressure at the connection when it′ s necessary, several multi-function drainage channels are connected by thin drain pipes to drain the water to the nearest drain pipes. The main advantages are that water can be collected and drained and it turns the passive drainage into active drainage, it also has the functions of maintenance, replacement, cleaning and dredging. The engineering practice shows good effect is achieved by this new treatment technology 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 24-29 [Abstract] ( 570 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1721KB] ( 1664 ) 30 Asset Management Information System of Nanjing Subway Operation Based on BIM YUAN Weihua1 XIONG Ziming1 CHU Jingyu2 LU Hao1 Maintenance and management of subway facilities and equipment are very important, but the existing system is difficult to meet the needs of enterprises and operators. Low degree of visualization and inaccurate equipment maintenance directly affect operation and management of a subway project. A BIM based asset information management system of subway operation was introduced, a BIM model and information database were established by taking the Nanjing subway as an example, and functions and characteristics of the system were expatiated from the aspects of space management, facility management, maintenance management, asset management and safety management. The innovation of this system is represented by ERP+GIS+BIM innovative management platform, BIM+FM innovative facilities property management mode, efficient electronic work order management, multi-platform and technology integration, combination of BIM + Internet of things. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 630 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5386KB] ( 1539 ) 40 Discussion on Causes of and Preventive Measures against Tunnel Lining Voids and Inadequate Thickness ZHAO Yangchuan LI Yalin WEI Min DUAN Jucai It is common to have the problems of voids behind tunnel lining and inadequate lining thickness during tunnel construction and operation, and there are some hidden dangers in safety. Analysis and summarization were conducted in terms of tunnel excavation, primary support, construction of waterproof board, formwork installation,concrete pouring and curing quality, with the results showing that the factors affecting voids behind secondary lining are related to various links of tunnel construction and strict management and control should be carried out in each link; it has significant effect to prevent tunnel lining void and inadequate thickness to grout with formwork, conduct third-party test and improve construction technology of lining concrete and develop new material and equipment. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 40-43 [Abstract] ( 682 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 534KB] ( 1852 ) 44 In-situ Stress Measurement and Analysis of Failure Mechanism of Surrounding Rocks at the Rasuwagadhi Hydropower Station in Nepal AO Linhai1 ZHU Kaibin2 GUO Qiliang1 PEI Xiaodong3 HOU Yanhe1 A three-dimensional in-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing was conducted at the Rasu? wagadhi hydropower station in Nepal. The results show that the major principal stress at the field is 10.47 MPa with the azimuth of 18° and dip angle of 15° which are almost horizontal; the intermediate principal stress and the minor principle stress are 9.01 MPa and 6.34 MPa respectively, with the azimuths and dip angles of 158° and 71° and 285° and 12° respectively. The crustal stress field of the construction area is characterized by dominant tectonic stress with medium stress level. Based on the measured data, it studied the failure mechanism of surrounding rocks,with the results showing that the failure is of splitting pattern and the main reasons for this are a large angle between tunnel axis and principal stress, and medium and higher stress levels. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 44-49 [Abstract] ( 673 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1804KB] ( 1613 ) 50 Study on Impacts of Softening and Swelling of Surrounding Rocks on Loosening Pressure of Rock Mass ZHANG Chengbin YU Zexin Stress increment induced by moistening, softening and swelling effect of swelling soils in tunnel are not considered in traditional calculation theory for loosening pressure of surrounding rock. Based on the Nanjing Pingshan tunnel in soft swelling soil, improvement was conducted for the traditional calculation method and a“limit equilibrium numerical method”was proposed considering the impact of softening of rock mass strength and swelling due to moisture increasing in light of Terzaghi theory. The finite difference software FLAC3D was used to analyze the variations of surrounding rock stresses before and after swelling and softening due to moisture increasing, and the effects of tunnel buried depth, rainfall influential depth and swelling rate of surrounding rock were also studied. The results show that loosening pressure of rock mass can be calculated by the“limit equilibrium numerical method” and significantly affected by softening and swelling of rock mass; loosening pressure of surrounding rock increases with an increase of affected depth of rainfall and swelling rate of rock mass; correction factor of the calculation formula for loosening pressure of rock mass is directly proportional to affected depth of rainfall and swelling rate of rock mass and inversely proportional to tunnel buried depth. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 50-56 [Abstract] ( 641 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2571KB] ( 1602 ) 57 Study on the Law of Transverse Seismic Response of Two Paralleled Shield Tunnels TIAN Zhiwang1 XU Youjun2 In order to study the seismic response law of two paralleled shield tunnels and interaction mechanism of tunnel-soil-tunnel system, the seismic response law of two paralleled shield tunnels with different parallel angles under Kobe wave and Beijing artificial wave was calculated and analyzed by MIDAS/NX finite element based on the Shenzhen metro line 13, with the results showing that spatial combinations of two paralleled tunnels amplifie dynamic response of soil mass compared with the single tunnel, especially the interlaid soils between tunnels with small interval; dynamic response of horizontally paralleled tunnels is the largest and it reveals this spatial combination is the most unfavorable mode regarding the aseismic design; internal force and deformation of the X-shaped region between two paralleled tunnels are the largest and it is the weak point in the aseismic design; according to the ratios of interval and diameter, the interaction region of tunnel- soil-tunnel are divided into three grades, i.e. severely affected area, moderately affected area and slightly affected area. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 57-64 [Abstract] ( 705 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4939KB] ( 1359 ) 65 Determination Method of Anisotropy Permeability Coefficient for Underground Water Sealed Cavern in Sandstone Area and Its Application CUI Shaodong Guo Shutai Dai Yunqing Accurate and easy determination of anisotropy permeability of sand stone is one of key points for con? struction of a water-sealed cavern in the sandstone. A calculation formula of equivalent permeability coefficient for conversion from permeability tensor to scalar value was deduced in light of the spatial geometric principles based on an analysis of three-dimensional permeability tensor matrix, the calculation results of tensor matrix of permeability coefficient were modified on the basis of conventional water pressure test data. It suggests that borehole ultrasonic imaging test system should be adopted to obtain geometric factors of joints and fractures which are the input data of tensor matrix calculation, and a determination method of anisotropy permeability coefficient of sandstone was established by combination of permeability tensor matrix and conventional water pressure test results. Engineering cases have proved that this method is easy to operate and the results are accurate. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 65-69 [Abstract] ( 617 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1589KB] ( 1357 ) 70 Analysis Model of Multi-layer Lining against Water Pressure and Its Application LIU Hao1 ZHANG Huijian2,3 JIANG Zuoyang 2,3 LI Shuang4 Compared with the conventional composite lining, the multi-layer lining loaded by large water pressure can reserve one more waterproof board and guarantee its construction quality when tunnel passes through karstprone section. This paper sets forth an analysis model of the multi-layer lining and comes to the following conclusions through a case study: when stiffness coefficient of the compression-only spring between inner lining and outer lining increases, bending moments of the inner and outer lining are basically unchanged and axial force of outer lining decreases and eccentricity increases while axial force of inner lining increases and eccentricity decreases. When water pressure load increases, the state of lining vault transfers from large eccentric compression into small eccentric compression state and then approaches compressive ultimate load bearing state and the safety factors increase at first and then decreases; state of haunch and side wall gradually approaches the ultimate load bearing state and the safety factors gradually reduce; the states of arch foot and inverted arch transfer from small eccentric compression to large eccentric compression and the safety factors gradually reduce. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 70-77 [Abstract] ( 641 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5347KB] ( 1401 ) 78 On Law of Ground Settlements and Its Prediction Method for the Shallowburied Tunnel under Asymmetrical Pressures GAN Xiaohong1 CHEN Liping2 ZHANG Sulei3，4 YING Guogang5 LI Xiaoping Surface settlement is an important basis for judging stability of tunnel surrounding rock, and also the key item in tunnel construction monitoring and measurement. The surface settlement law of shallow-buried tunnels under asymmetrical pressures is more complicated and more likely to induce safety accidents compared to the symmetrical loading tunnels, and so it is necessary to conduct in-depth study. Based on the maximum principal stress deflection theory, firstly a quantitative analysis on the asymmetrical loading degree of a tunnel was carried out, the concept and calculation method of tunnel unsymmetrical pressure coefficient were proposed; secondly an equivalent calculation model was established, and the surface settlement of a shallow-buried tunnel under asymmetrical pressure was regarded as superposition of asymmetrical loading terrain and pressure, a calculation method and procedures were given; finally the surface settlement law of shallow-buried tunnels under asymmetrical pressure was further analyzed by field measurement data, and the prediction results were verified. The results show the unsymmetrical pressure coefficient is related to surface bias angle, tunnel overburden and lateral pressure coefficient; surface settlement curve will be twisted under effect of asymmetrical pressure, the maximum settlement area and influence range will be shifted towards the deep-buried side; if asymmetrical pressure is large, it′s easy to cause cracking of surface at deep buried side and staggering at the shallow-buried side. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 78-84 [Abstract] ( 707 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2372KB] ( 1591 ) 85 Influence of Strata Characteristics on Ground Settlement Induced by Shield Tunnel Construction JIA Fuzi1,2 WANG Lifeng1 YE Junneng3 PANG Jin1 LU Wuquan1 It is difficult to effectively control ground surface settlement during shield construction of metro tunnels in soft soil area. Based on a 3-D numerical analysis on shield tunnel construction，influence of soft soil distribution on ground settlement induced by shield tunnel construction were discussed. Influence of physical and mechanical behaviors of soil layer on ground settlement was verified by analyzing measurement data. The results show that ground settlement is affected to different degrees when soft soil layer is distributed from ground surface to the scope of 0.23D below tunnel floor (D is outer diameter); influence of soft soil layer on ground settlement is the largest when soft soil layer is distributed in the range of tunnel buried depth and the 0.23D at vault, with the influence rate exceeding 9.9103%; when the distance to tunnel axis is the same, the influence of soft soil layer above tunnel axis on ground settlement is 1.5-6.35 times larger than that below tunnel axis; the maximum ground surface settlement decreases with an increase of weighted averages of soil layer compression modulus and cohesion at shield section, and there is no obvious relationship between the maximum ground surface settlement and weighted average of internal friction angle; width coefficient i of settlement trough decreases with an increase of weighted average of internal friction angle of soil layer, and there is no obvious relationship among the width coefficient i of settlement trough,weighted averages of soil layer compression modulus and cohesion. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 85-91 [Abstract] ( 671 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2257KB] ( 1496 ) 92 Study of Reinforcement Parameters of Fiberglass Bolts for the Large Cross-section Tunnel Working Face in Xigeda Formation WANG Zhijie1 YANG Bao1,2 GAO Jingyao1 ZHOU Ping1 Due to poor water stability of the Xigeda formation, its engineering property will deteriorate quickly up? on encountering water. The tunnel construction activities in the Xigeda formation may induce large deformation of surrounding rocks and collapse of tunnel face. The reinforcement parameters on the face of large-section tunnel in Xigeda formation were studied by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis based on ADECO-RS and the Tongzilin tunnel project on Chengdu-Kunming railway, and it determines that distribution density of bolts is 0.65 every square meter, the reasonable reinforcement length of bolts is 8-11 meters based on longitudinal failure depth, established failure mode of unstable tunnel face in Xigeda formation, with the lap length of bolt is 4 m on the basis of distribution depth of plastic zone in front of tunnel face. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 92-97 [Abstract] ( 609 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1819KB] ( 1346 ) 98 Application of SCC-Filled Thin-Walled Steel Tube Support in Tunnels LI Xiaofang1 TENG Weiliing1 ZHOU Jian2 In view of insufficient bearing capacity and durability of tunnel support structure and so on, a SCCfilled thin-walled steel tube support was proposed as a major support method based on theoretical calculations. The required support force and internal force of structure under the stress of protolith were calculated, with the results showing that the support force is larger than structural internal force; the SCC-filled thin-walled steel tube support scheme was designed and its pressure and displacement were monitored and analyzed, with the monitoring results showing that the max. pressure borne by support is no more than 1.50 MPa and the max. displacement is no more than 60 mm, meeting the requirements of tunnel support. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 98-101 [Abstract] ( 548 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1097KB] ( 1155 ) 102 Study on Effect of Self-anchored Reinforcement Structure for the Tunnel in a Landslide Area YE Qiao1 YIN Jing2 Deformation and failure often occur in the tunnel at a landslide area. The self-anchored reinforcement structure was adopted to reinforce the tunnel located at the upper surface of deep and thick landslide mass. Study and analysis were conducted regarding the effect of self-anchored reinforcement structure based on theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The theoretical calculation results show that the distribution of internal force is more uniform and reasonable and deformation is effectively restrained after taking the new type reinforcement structure, verifying the effect of self-anchored reinforcement structure. The numerical calculation results show that the distribution of internal force is more reasonable, the maximum principal stress decreases significantly, the area of stress concentration eliminates and deformation is effectively restrained after taking the new type reinforcement structure; effective scope of this reinforced structure is only at tunnel surrounding rock and the lower rock soil, landslide may finally cause overtopping failure, varying the concept that the self-anchored reinforcement structure is only to reinforce tunnel instead of landslide control. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 102-110 [Abstract] ( 543 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5474KB] ( 1399 ) 111 Research on Subgrade Settlement Control Criterion for a Frame Bridge Passing underneath a Existing Railway CHEN Li1,2 DIAO Xinhong1 YANG Shouxing1 CHEN Zhiliang1 ZHANG Kun1 In view of impact on subgrade settlement induced by a frame bridge passing underneath a existing rail? way, a 2D numerical simulation model was established by ABAQUS software to analyze the patterns of ground settlement curves under different buried depths and different ratios of height and width, to study the calculation method for controlling criterion of subgrade settlement caused by a frame bridge underneath a existing railway, with the results showing that the subgrade settlement curves can be fitted by Peck formula; the coefficient of settlement trough width is corrected considering the linear relationship between i and B2 + htan ( 45° - φ2 ) ; the proposed subgrade settlement control criterion based on the requirements of track regularity control considers the cross-section width of the frame bridge, buried depth and internal angle of soil mass. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 111-118 [Abstract] ( 640 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2217KB] ( 1377 ) 119 Study on Orientation Effective Factor of Two-dimensional Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Based on the Probability Theory Van-Tuan NGUYEN1,2 LI Guhua2 LIU Tongchao2 WANG Shuhong1 Steel fiber reinforced concrete is a kind of multiphase heterogeneous composite material, therefore its constitutive relations are very complex and the effects of orientation, length of fibers and bonding behavior of the interface between fibers and matrix on material strength should be considered. Due to the random distribution of steel fibers, it is difficult to measure its orientation; the orientation effective coefficient of steel fibers in 2-dimension was deduced in a perspective of random variable on the basis of a composite mechanical constitutive model. Assuming the distribution of steel fibers obeys the two-dimensional uniform distribution, the distribution function of the angle θ between steel fibers and force direction was calculated using probability theory, and the expectation of cosθ, i.e.orientation effective coefficient, was calculated. The results show that the probability of steel fiber intersecting with section is 1/π within the studied area and theoretically the orientation effective coefficient is 0.25, while the actual orientation effective coefficient should be slightly smaller than 0.25 due to the boundary effect and gravitation effect. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 119-122 [Abstract] ( 548 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 794KB] ( 904 ) 123 Experimental Study on Mechanical Behaviors of Staggered Shield Tunnel Segment Lining ZHU Yaohong1 LIU Xian2 ZHANG Chen2 LI Haitao2 Because of the force transmission between adjacent rings, the mechanical behaviors and failure patterns of staggered segment lining are diametrically different from that of segment with straight joint. In this paper, threering bending experiments were carried out to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity and mechanical behavior of staggered segment lining, the synergy of longitudinal joint, circumferential joint and segment itself was analyzed, the influence of longitudinal force and loading level on structural properties was obtained through a set of designed conditions. By comparing the mechanical behaviors and failure patterns of three-ring bending experiments and singlering bending experiments, the mechanical behaviors of staggered tunnel segment lining and force transmission between adjacent rings were gained. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 123-132 [Abstract] ( 706 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5836KB] ( 1906 ) 134 In-situ Test and Analysis of Mechanical Behaviors of the Mid-wall of Multi-arch Loess Tunnels QIU Junling1 LAI Jinxing1, 2 GUO Chunxia2 FAN Haobo1 XIE Yongli1 The mid-wall of a multi-arch tunnel is an important loading component and has direct impact on tunnel safety and economy. In order to understand the mechanical behaviors of the mid-wall of a multi-arch loess tunnel,systematic test and analysis were conducted based on a multi-arch loess tunnel in northern Shaanxi province regarding contacting pressure on top and bottom of the middle-wall, axial force of anchor bolt in middle pilot heading and axial force of rebar meter at the middle-wall as well as internal force of the mid-wall using the steel wire transducer.The test results indicate that the pressure at the bottom of mid-wall approximately take a saddle shape, which is large on both sides and small in the middle and the pressure at the base is larger than the contacting pressure at the top of middle pilot heading; axial force of anchor bolt is small, peak axial force occurs at shallow-buried part of rock mass and axial force at the deep-buried part is about 10% of that in shallow-buried section, the support effect of anchor bolt at middle pilot heading is not obvious and anchor bolt can be canceled at this place; the axial force of rebar meter at middle-wall is increasing towards the bottom and it’s more sensitive to the force on the upper part of midwall compared with that on the lower part; the max. force of mid-wall occurs at the left lower side of mid-wall, and stress release of the right and left tubes has certain "rectification" effect on force of mid-wall but the mid-wall has always been affected by asymmetric pressure; the calculated max. axial force of mid-wall is about 583 kN, the max.bending moment is about 45 kN·m, the mid-wall is stable, the max. longitudinal torque is around 79 kN·m and the internal force is very complex. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 134- [Abstract] ( 634 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4773KB] ( 1358 ) 143 Experimental Study on Mix Proportions of Synchronous Two-component Grouting for Shield Tunnels JIA Yi1 LI Fuhai1,2 WU Debao1 WANG Yongbao3 Synchronous grouting plays a vital role in controlling of ground subsidence in the construction of shield tunnels. In order to improve the workability of grout for synchronous grouting, using water, cement, bentonite, stabilizer and water glass as raw materials, an experimental study was conducted by control variate method, and the effects of mix proportions of two-component grout on setting time, fluidity, bleeding rate, elasticity modulus and compressive strength were studied, with the results showing that compressive strength is much affected by water cement ratio but the bleeding rate was less affected by water cement ratio, the best water cement ratio of liquid A is 2.40 when it only considers compressive strength; when water cement ratio is constant, the setting time of two-component grout increases gradually with an increase of water glass content and the compressive strengths after 1 h, 1 d, 7 d, 28 d increase at first and then decrease; when the content of water glass is constant, the elasticity modulus of two-component grout sample decreases at first and then decreases after 28 d with an increase of water cement ratio; when the water cement ratio is constant, the elasticity modulus of two-component grout sample after 28 day increases with an increase of water glass content. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 143-515 [Abstract] ( 603 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3518KB] ( 1405 ) 152 On the Waterproof Technology of Segment Joints in the Zhoujiazui Road River-crossing Tunnel WEN Zhuyin In light of the high requirements of waterproof and large longitudinal deformation of the Zhoujiazui road river-crossing tunnel, a quantitative analysis on waterproof techniques for shield tunnel segment joints was conducted by FEM numerical simulation and experimental analysis, it is found that stress of contact surface and closure compressive force meet the designed waterproof requirements of elastic sealing gasket, the measures of optimizing waterproof groove position of the sealing gasket, reducing joint discloation and strengthening waterproof capability at the corner were proposed 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 152-157 [Abstract] ( 577 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3692KB] ( 1058 ) 158 Design and Study of a Rock Breaking Test Device of Disc Cutters under Temperature-stress Coupling Field ZHANG Yuchi1, 2 TAN Qing2 LAO Tongbing2 Based on an analysis of impact of temperature on rocks and internal stress distribution of rock under temperature field, the rock breaking effect of disc cutters under temperature-stress coupling effect was studied by designing a heating test device. The heating device design and impact of temperature field on rock are the key points of design. The impact of temperature on rock and internal stress distribution of rock under temperature field were simulated by ABAQUS software. The design of experimental device is of great significance in study of influence on rock mechanical behavior, improvement of rock breaking efficiency, enhancement of geological adaptability and prolonging service life of cutter. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 158-163 [Abstract] ( 685 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3133KB] ( 1366 ) 164 Research of the Arrangement Method for Quick Testing Rock-mass Integrity Index on Tunnel Face CAI Jianhua ZHANG Haichao WANG Xu Aiming at the need of quick determination of surrounding rock integrity on tunnel face during construc? tion, this paper studied the quick test arrangement principles of rock-mass wave velocity. Based on the domestic main standards and specifications, the criteria for spacing of rock mass structural plane was analyzed by correction method and quantitative relationship between rock mass integrity and the spacing of structural plane was studied with mathematical analysis. The control standards Dr and Dm of acoustic wave penetration distance which should be complied by wave velocity and test of rock mass were proposed. The arrangement methods for measuring area and measuring points and the receiving transducer system were designed. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 164-169 [Abstract] ( 609 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1246KB] ( 1342 ) 170 Study on High Pressure Carbon Dioxide and Geological Alignment of a Tunnel on Xi′ning-Chengdu Railway YAO ZhiYong1,2 Carbon dioxide gas, bursting in the deep drill hole of XCDCSZ-3-1 during the final survey of Xi′ ningChengdu Railway, is characterized by high pressure and long duration of eruption. The genesis, distribution, migra? tion and storage characteristics of CO2 gas were studied based on a survey of regional geological background and by means of comprehensive adoption of geophysical technology, drilling, gas sampling and chemical test. The alignment principles were also studied by analyzing effect of high pressure gas on tunnel in a perspective of geology. The results indicate that high pressure CO2 gas is of inorganic and caused by thermal decomposition of basal marble, the migration channel is mainly palaeo weathered crust which mainly accumulates in the snout-like bulging structure of baserock;distribution of high pressure CO2 gas is closely related to lithology, depth, structure of baserock, lithology of overlying strata and superficial fault, route scheme optimization can be achieved by bypassing relevant geological factors. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 170-174 [Abstract] ( 575 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1752KB] ( 1141 ) 175 Large Deformation Control Techniques for the Muzhailing Tunnel YANG Mugao In light of large tunnel deformation control, it′ s necessary to consider reinforcement of surrounding rock, large stiffness support, moderate stress release, reasonable construction method and enhanced construction management and so on. Taking the large deformation control during construction of the Muzhailing extra-long tunnel as an example, an analysis and summarization on support structure adjustment process and deformation control concept during the construction of sections with varying degrees of large deformation in inclined shaft and main tunnel were conducted, with the results showing that: (1) for the general large deformation, appropriate improvement of strength and stiffness of support structure can effectively inhibit deformation and support damage; (2) for the medium large deformation, further improvement of strength and stiffness of support structure are to be taken, or radial grouting, lengthened and more dense anchor bolt and local addition of cover arch are to be adopted to basically con? trol deformation; (3) for the severe to extremely severe deformations, comprehensive measures like advance stress release, long and short anchoring system to strengthen surrounding rock and application of multi-layer large-stiffness support, etc. must be adopted to effectively control deformation and ensure construction safety and long-term stability of the structure. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 175-181 [Abstract] ( 754 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4919KB] ( 1740 ) 182 Application of the New Techniques of Energy-collecting Hydraulic Smooth Blasting in the Construction of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway Tunnel LIU Haibo In view of the shortcomings of conventional smooth blasting, it′ s necessary to solve the problems of over? break and to reduce the cost of backfilling concrete in tunnel construction. The principles of energy-collecting hydraulic smooth blasting technique, charge structure, assembling method of energy-collecting tube and charging procedures were described, and the energy-collecting hydraulic smooth blasting techniques and economic effects were specially analyzed by taking the Jinpingyan tunnel on Chengdu-Lanzhou railway as an example. The results show that this new technique has the advantages of easy construction and control of excavation contour line, reduction of overbreak,speeding up construction progress and decrease of construction cost, with significant economic and social benefits. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 182-187 [Abstract] ( 591 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2781KB] ( 1543 ) 188 Application of Complete Set Mechanized Operation Line of Boom Roadheader in Construction of Railway Tunnels LIN Hong1 WAN Maosen2 The surrounding rocks of the new Moxi No. 2 tunnel, passing through adverse Karst, landslide and gym? sum strata, are of grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ soft rock, the geological condition is complex and construction risks are high.Moreover this new tunnel is adjacent to an existing operating railway line and the construction is more difficult and requirement of safety is high, it is hard to meet the requirements of schedule and safety with traditional drill and blast method. Compared with the conventional drill and blast method, the advantages of boom roaheader were analyzed, the matching equipment techniques and construction organization scheme of complete set mechanized operation line of boom roadheader were described. The practice shows that the application prospect of complete set mechanized operation line of boom roadheader used in tunnel construction is bright as an advanced non-drill and blast construction method. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 188-193 [Abstract] ( 625 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2467KB] ( 1528 ) 194 Research of Construction Ventilation Optimization for Huayingshan Tunnel on Nanchong-Dazu-Liangping Expressway LEI Shuai1,2 FANG Yong3 LIU Jing4 HUANG Lei1, 2 Jet flow gallery ventilation is a common method of construction ventilation. In order to investigate the flow field and the distribution of pollutants of gallery ventilation, it established a three-dimensional numerical model with fluid dynamic software Fluent based on Huayingshan tunnel project, studied the ventilation flow field and the distribution of hazardous gases in condition of sulfureted hydrogen gushing when tunnel passes through mined-out area. The results show that air distribution of current ventilation mode is unreasonable and results in a low air velocity zone with high concentration of hazardous gases. This problem can be solved by increasing air supply volume at tunnel face and installing local ventilation fans. When air velocity reaches 26 m/s in air duct the low air velocity zone disappears completely. With local ventilation fans in front of the cross passage, the air velocity in tunnel can reach 2 m/s and the low air velocity zone can also be eliminated. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 194-200 [Abstract] ( 677 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2765KB] ( 1147 ) 201 Water Inflow Solutions for Metro Cross Passage LI Hai1 ZHAO Dapeng2 ZHU Changsong In order to solve the water inflow problem during construction of the metro cross passage, the process, causes of water inflow and countermeasures were described by taking the Nanning metro as an example. The results show that the safety of tunnel and work face of cross passage are ensured by adopting the treatment measures of water leakage drainage, sandbag backfilling, dewatering, grouting at ground and inside of tunnel and segment support installation. 2019 Vol. 56 (2): 201-206 [Abstract] ( 760 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3282KB] ( 1458 )

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