Abstract: Since the operation of Taoping tunnel on Houma-Yueshan railway, the diseases occur frequently and have been developing intensely since starting in 2013, endangering traffic safety. With a systematic special survey on the diseases of Taoping tunnel, a comprehensive investigation and statistics were carried out regarding the disease type, section, scale and development in different phases by means of desk study of documents, in-tunnel investigation, ground survey, site visiting, geophysical prospecting, drilling prospecting and indoor tests, and it found out the tunnel diseases are affected by construction standard, engineering defect, weakness and swelling of surrounding rock, mined-out area and other factors. The different rehabilitation schemes were proposed, including rehabilitation at the window time, alternately rehabilitation by closing one tube, building of a new double-track tunnel, building a new single-track tunnel and enlarging excavation by closing one tube and so on. It concluded that a scheme of onetrack tube running and one tube closing is recommended for the existing tunnel rehabilitation and a one-tube twotrack tunnel system for the new built tunnel scheme.